Alex Schultz
March 6, 2026

How Cardio and Strength Training Affect Your Body in Different Ways

Learn how cardio and strength training affect your body in different ways and how a Dexa Scan helps track muscle, fat, and bone changes.

Author
5 min read
How Cardio and Strength Training Affect Your Body in Different Ways

Exercise improves health in many ways, but not all forms of training affect the body the same way. Two of the most common forms of exercise are cardiovascular training and strength training. Both provide important benefits, but they influence body composition, metabolism, and long-term health differently.

Understanding how cardio and strength training affect the body helps you build a balanced training program and achieve better results.

This article explains how cardio and strength training affect your body in different ways, and why tracking changes with a Dexa Scan can help you see how your training is shaping your body composition.

What Is Cardiovascular Training?

Cardiovascular training, often called cardio, includes activities that elevate heart rate for an extended period.

Examples include:

  • Running
  • Cycling
  • Swimming
  • Rowing
  • High intensity interval training

Cardio primarily trains the cardiovascular system and improves the body’s ability to deliver oxygen to working muscles.

How Cardio Affects the Body

Improved Heart and Lung Function

Regular cardio strengthens the heart muscle and improves circulation.

Benefits include:

  • Improved oxygen delivery to tissues
  • Lower resting heart rate
  • Improved endurance capacity

These adaptations allow the body to perform sustained physical activity more efficiently.

Increased Calorie Expenditure

Cardio burns calories during exercise, which can support fat loss when combined with proper nutrition.

However, cardio alone does not significantly increase muscle mass.

Improved Metabolic Health

Cardiovascular training supports metabolic function by improving:

  • Insulin sensitivity
  • Blood sugar regulation
  • Circulatory health

These changes can reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.

What Is Strength Training?

Strength training involves exercises that create resistance against muscles.

Examples include:

  • Weightlifting
  • Bodyweight training
  • Resistance band exercises
  • Functional strength movements

Strength training primarily stimulates muscle growth and structural adaptation.

How Strength Training Affects the Body

Increased Muscle Mass

Strength training stimulates muscle growth when paired with adequate nutrition and recovery.

Higher lean muscle mass supports:

  • Greater strength
  • Higher resting metabolic rate
  • Improved physical function

Muscle also plays a key role in maintaining metabolic health.

Stronger Bones

Resistance training stimulates bone remodeling and supports bone mineral density.

Maintaining strong bones reduces the risk of fractures and supports long-term mobility.

Improved Body Composition

Strength training helps shift body composition by:

  • Increasing lean muscle mass
  • Reducing fat mass over time
  • Improving force to weight ratio

This often leads to visible physical changes even when body weight stays the same.

Why Combining Both Is Important

Cardio and strength training complement each other.

Cardio supports:

  • Cardiovascular health
  • Endurance
  • Energy expenditure

Strength training supports:

  • Muscle growth
  • Bone density
  • Metabolic rate

A balanced training program includes both to support overall health and performance.

Why the Scale Cannot Show Training Adaptations

Scale weight alone does not reveal how training is affecting your body.

You can:

  • Gain muscle while losing fat
  • Improve strength without significant weight change
  • Lose weight but sacrifice muscle

Without body composition data, these changes are difficult to see.

The Most Accurate Way to Track Training Progress

A Dexa Scan provides a detailed breakdown of body composition.

It measures:

  • Lean muscle mass
  • Total body fat percentage
  • Visceral fat levels
  • Regional muscle distribution
  • Bone mineral density

This allows you to see how cardio and strength training are influencing your body over time.

The scan itself takes about six minutes, making it efficient and easy to incorporate into a training routine.

How Often Should You Track Body Composition?

To monitor training adaptations effectively:

  • A Dexa Scan should be done monthly
  • Every other month at minimum
  • Never less frequent than that when actively training

Frequent tracking helps ensure your program is producing the intended results.

Full body composition Dexa scans are not covered by insurance, making them a proactive investment in long-term health and performance.

The Bottom Line

Cardio and strength training affect the body in different but complementary ways.

Cardio improves:

  • Heart and lung function
  • Endurance
  • Metabolic health

Strength training improves:

  • Muscle mass
  • Bone density
  • Metabolic rate

Combining both creates a more complete approach to fitness and longevity.

Tracking body composition provides the insight needed to see how these training methods are shaping your body.

Book Your DEXA Scan with Kalos Today in Downtown San Francisco, San Jose or Palo Alto!

If you want to understand how cardio and strength training are affecting your body composition, accurate measurement is essential. Kalos provides advanced Dexa Scan services to help you track muscle, fat, and bone changes with precision.

Schedule your scan today, your journey to data-driven fitness starts now.

Schedule your DEXA scan today!

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